Objective: Status Epilepticus (SE) has been described as a series of major motor seizure without recovery of consciousness between seizures.SE is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.In this article we shall conclude history, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, the best management as well as the prognosis of the condition.

Objective We aimed to investigate the risk factors of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) in children. Materials & Methods This analytic case-control study was conducted on all patients’ records with first febrile seizure (FS) admitted to 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Rasht, Iran during 2007-2014. Cases were children aged 6 to 60 months with FSE and controls were children with complex and simple FS. Data were gathered using a checklist including age, sex, type of milk consuming during first year, temperature, the interval between fever and seizure, family history of epilepsy and febrile seizure, and prematurity. Data were analyzed using Chi-square in SPSS 19. Results Overall, 756 patients with FS participated including 39 patients with FSE, 194 complex febrile seizure (CFC) and 523 simple febrile seizure (SFC). Most of the patients (57. 8%) experienced seizure with low-grade fever (<39 ° C). The mean age in SFC group was significantly higher than FSE patients (P<0. 05). A significant relation was noted between groups regarding body temperature during seizure (P=0. 006), family history of FS (0. 029), family history of epilepsy (P=0. 042) and the premature birth (P=0. 023). Significant relation was noted between FSE and CFC groups regarding body temperature during seizure (P=0. 004), family history of FS (0. 011), family history of epilepsy (P=0. 037), and the premature birth (P=0. 025) between FSE and CFC groups. Conclusion Considering risk factors of FSE including low body temperature, lower age, family history of FS and epilepsy, and premature birth is mandatory.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the etiology of status epilepticus (SE) and its relation to mortality. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out based on the medical records of 40 patients with diagnosis of SE discharged from pediatric hospital of Bandar Abbas between March 2002 and March 2004. Multivariant analysis was pereformed to determine the prevalence of the disorder and the relation between SE and other factors such as gender, age, response to treatment, and mortality. We classified the etiology according to international league against epilepsy (ILAE) classification and also uses another classification regarding underlying causes such as fever (non-CNS infection), central nervous system infection, hypoxia, and metabolic causes. Results: Status epilepticus was responsible for 0.3% of all hospital admissions during the study period. Based on the ILAE classification, frequencies for acute symptomatic, febrile, progressive encephalopathic, remote, and cryptogenic SE were 42.5%, 32.5%, 10%, 7.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The most common underlying causes resulting in SE were fever (45%), metabolic disorders (15%), CNS infection (12.5%), chronic neurologic diseases (7.5%), idiopathic (7.5%), hypoxia (5%), drug withdrawal (2.5%), CNS hemorrhage (2.5%), neurodegenerative disease (2.5%), brain abscess (2.5%), and post DPT (Diphteria,Pertusis,Tetanus) vaccination (2.5%). Mortality rate was 25% (80% in the patients younger than 5 years and 40% in those aged less than 1 year). Occurrence of SE and its mortality was found to be related to age (p< 0.05).Conclusion: For SE, if seizures continue for more than 5 minutes, treatment must be initiated. The outcome is determined by etiology, age, seizure duration and management; however, all we can do is enhance the management and increase its effectiveness.